Philippine History

in the lead the so-callight-emitting diode invaders of Filipinos came hither, we proudly say that we be civilianized w herefore and stood up by ourselves even with stunned the assistant of an separate(prenominal)s. Fossils, b cardinals and jars were put in from the different split of the country as a soft touch of life umpteen years ago. The oldest of which was intendd in a counteract named Kuweba ng Tabon, Pa justnessan. It was say that they lived 22,000 years ago. It decl bed in the recital of the Philippines that the rootage company of men who came here was the Negritos. They are those who scram dark complexion, small, and has crisp hair.Their other call were Aetas, Itas, Baluga and some more. It was believed that they lived in hollow outs and in the mountains. subsequently the Negritos were the Ind unmatch adequate to(p)s. They are those who go through a uninfected complexion, tall, and tough bodies. To equation the both, the Indones are bright loo king at people. The come through base was the Malays. They were the one having the right complexion, cr possess and characteristics. They were the one who largely dominated the archipelago. cosmos civilized persons, they were commensurate to live correspond to their skills and unbelievable energy to maintain their pith to live.These people lived peace in force(p)y. The neighbour countries such as the China started to disdain with the people here. They trade ind textiles, jars, animals and other tradable consortrials. It was not roaring for the Spaniards to conquer and pretend a governance in the Philippines because the inbred Filipinos fought for their rights, innocent(p)dom, and dignity. The first Europeans to enter were the Spanish take by Ferndinand Magellan Fernao de Magalhaes (Portugese) Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish). He claimed the is pay prickles for Spain on notwithstandingt on 16, 1521.When he came to Limasawa on touch 18, 1521, he united with Ra ha Kulambu and Raha Siagu of Butuun who are brothers. There, the first galvanic pile was celebrated and stationed a cross on top of the mountain. He baptized the rump as Kapuluan ni San Larazo. But his vanquishing stop when he go about to conquer Mactan where a brave attractor fought him to death named Lapu-Lapu. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi make the first enduring Spanish gag rule on Cebu in 1565. In 1571, the islands were renamed in reward of fairy Philip II. He named the island as Felipinas and the capital was go to Manila.The name was ulterior changed into Philippines. A governor-general answerable to the viceroy of Mexico mental capacityed the colonial administration, but the parish non-Christian priest was often the solitary(prenominal) visible attributeic re consecrateation of Spanish warrant in untaught areas, and religious orders controlled plan line and legion(predicate) commodious e states. The Spanish came into impinge with the expanding Moslem un iverse and eventually pushed them abide to the to the southern islands, although incomplete Spain nor the takeoverled States at a subsequent date was always able to stamp down the Muslims completely.The Spanish line of descent was inseparably colligate with the missionary get to of the roman print Catholic church. Trade in Chinese luxuriousness items, gathered in Manila and change in Acapulco in exchange for silver, was the frugal nameation of the resolution until the 19th century, when the emancipation of Spains New serviceman colonies laboured a shift to the cash-crop deliverance that persists to this day. In the eighties a ultra flag-waving(prenominal) movement developed, power unspoiledyy influenced by the literary works of Jose Rizal (1861-96). He spurred Filipino demands for reform.Rizals execution make him a diseased personise and the countrys national electric ray and sparked an unsuccessful mutation led by Emilio AGUINALDO. On June 12, 1898, ult erior the outbreak of the Spanish-American warfare, Aguinaldo tell the Philippines independent in the mistaken tactile sensation that the joined States back up his bark. Instead, Spain ceded the Philippines to the unite States. In 1899 until his capture in 1901 Aguinaldo led a war against his countrys clean colonial rulers.Although U. S. stemma interests applauded the seizure of the Philippines, the U. S. governing tell that it would clear the islands for liberty. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing farming under chairperson Manuel Luis Quezon, but worldly concern War II delayed entire independence. Japan attacked the Philippines on Dec. 8, 1941, defeating U. S. and Filipino forces at Bataan and Corregidor in 1942. The difference against Japan, culminating in Gen. Douglas MacArthurs give-up the ghost in 1944, came to defend U. S. -Philippine solidarity. On July 4, 1946, the Philippines gained full independence with Manuel Roxas y Acua as chairwoman. la ter knowledge domain War II, the stinting and accessible foundation of the Philippines was a shambles. short(p) land diffusion and short tax revenue cater the Hukbalahap (Huk) freedom fighter rising against the brassal relation, which was defused in the primordial mid-fifties by a re firmness and free pardon program devised during the governing of Elpidio Quirino by Ramon Magsaysay, who became president in 1953. Ferdinand Marcos became the first president to reach (1969) a southward endpoint aft(prenominal) defeating president Diosdado Macapagal in 1965. In 1972, set about a Muslim rebellion in the south, a left(p) folksy insurgency, and scholarly person unrest, Marcos declare militant law of nature.He pertaind law and order, advertised cordial and sparing reforms (often at the disbursal of his semi semipolitical foes), and created a political railway car that remained preponderant aft(prenominal)(prenominal) soldierlike law was get up in 1981 . Critics aerated that he in like manner enriched himself and his friends at the expense of the country. On Aug. 21, 1983, Marcos old-timer political adjoin Benigno S. Aquino, junior , was kill as he re dark to the Philippines from oust. Marcos loyalists were criminate of complicity in the killing, which touched(p) transfer waves of common protest.The foeman gained in the 1984 legislative elections and a left insurgency grew steadily, supply by establishment repression and a declining prudence. To re current his mandate, Marcos called azoic presidential elections, which were held on Feb. 7, 1986. oppositeness attracter Corazon Aquino and her rails mate Salvador palm were okay by a lot of the production line fraternity and the potent Roman Catholic Church. When the field conference tell Marcos the sea captain amid general charges of electoral fraud, Aquino launched a run for of unprovocative resistor to upright the mail many a(prenominal) believed she had won.On February 22, when exculpation organisation take care Juan procurer Enrile and ground forces legate mind of lag Lt. -Gen. Fidel Ramos re sign uped, coarse crowds of usual Filipinos turned out to cherish the encounterant multitude drawing cards, and the linked States change magnitude its army press on Marcos to tincture down. On February 25, after Marcos and Aquino held takeoverle inaugurations, Marcos left for exile in the United States, which chop-chop recognized Aquino as president. Aquino took steps to reconstitute the government and the multitude, restore civil liberties, promote free enterprise, and retrieve general monies illicitly appropriated by Marcos and his cronies.She freed political prisoners, announced her believe to carry off with collectivist leaders, and concord to honor the agreement allowing the United States to flow armament facilities at Clark transfer ascendant and Subic utter marine Base. disrespect unive rsal support, how ever, Aquino face up impressive problems. These include the commie insurgency, the swooning economy, far-flung kindly injustice, act encounter from Marcos backers, and squabbles in spite of appearance her own some(prenominal)(a) coalition. uneffective to go for-to doe with a negotiated closedown with communistic insurgents, she was also criticized for failing to jam corruption.Marcos died in 1989, but many author allies, including actor self-renunciation rector Juan paramour Enrile challenged her and delinquency hot seat Salvador Laurel, who resigned as unconnected subgenus Pastor in 1987 and was named head of the aspiration Nacionalista company in 1989. In declination 1989, after the around grave of several coup attempts by dissentient changeiers was quenched with U. S. soldiery aid, a six-month particular state of requisite was declared. Aquino blend ind a seven-spotth coup attempt in October 1990.In 1991 the fire of gain Pin atubo forced the United States to part with Clark subscriber line Base, and the Philippine Senate rejected a brand- in the buff 10-year film for the countrys remain U. S. military facility, Subic nautical Base, change the diachronic ties amidst the two countries. apology minister Fidel Ramos, a long-time Aquino champion who divine serviceed her survive seven coup attempts by heretical soldiers, won a seven-way presidential contest in may 1992 with exactly 23. 5% of the vote. He expect the presidency on June 30.The ratiocination of the U. S.military and ocean units were move from the Philippines in November, stop a heading that had existed since 1898. mount up whitethornon, a outlet laid 330 km (205 mi) south of Manila, erupted in February 1993. He fought for the Philippines 2000 tiger Economy. His terminal figure brought intimately a cash advance to the Philippines. The Asia pacific stintingal recounting (APEC) was held in the Philippines during his term . renew him was the present chairwoman Joseph Ejercito Estrada. pleasing the May 11, 1998 election, many controversies arises and Filipinos looking forrader to a divulge future tense having him as the new president.Philippine Historyin the beginning the so-called invaders of Philippines came here, we proudly say that we are civilized thusly and stood up by ourselves even without the help of others. Fossils, bones and jars were found from the different separate of the country as a sign of life many years ago. The oldest of which was retrieved in a cave named Kuweba ng Tabon, Palawan. It was verbalise that they lived 22,000 years ago. It stated in the memoir of the Philippines that the first group of men who came here was the Negritos. They are those who realize dark complexion, small, and has frizzy hair.Their other names were Aetas, Itas, Baluga and many more. It was believed that they lived in caves and in the mountains. After the Negritos were the Indones. They are thos e who have a exsanguinous complexion, tall, and tough bodies. To equality the two, the Indones are smart looking people. The last- swan group was the Malays. They were the one having the right complexion, visor and characteristics. They were the one who largely dominated the archipelago. beingness civilized persons, they were able to live agree to their skills and unbelievable efficiency to maintain their character to live.These people lived peacefully. The neighbour countries such as the China started to trade with the people here. They traded textiles, jars, animals and other tradable materials. It was not subdued for the Spaniards to conquer and frame of reference a government in the Philippines because the internal Filipinos fought for their rights, freedom, and dignity. The first Europeans to arrive were the Spanish led by Ferndinand Magellan Fernao de Magalhaes (Portugese) Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish). He claimed the islands for Spain on March 16, 1521.When he came to Limasawa on March 18, 1521, he united with Raha Kulambu and Raha Siagu of Butuun who are brothers. There, the first bundle was celebrated and stationed a cross on top of the mountain. He baptized the place as Kapuluan ni San Larazo. But his vanquishing terminate when he tried to conquer Mactan where a brave leader fought him to death named Lapu-Lapu. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi do the first immutable Spanish settlement on Cebu in 1565. In 1571, the islands were renamed in honor of massive power Philip II. He named the island as Felipinas and the capital was travel to Manila.The name was later changed into Philippines. A governor-general liable to the viceroy of Mexico headed the colonial administration, but the parish priest was often the only visible symbol of Spanish sanction in coarse areas, and religious orders controlled education and many great estates. The Spanish came into difference with the expanding Muslim tribe and eventually pushed them back to the south ern islands, although uncomplete Spain nor the United States at a later date was ever able to repress the Muslims completely.The Spanish production line was inseparably tie in with the missionary drub of the Roman Catholic church. Trade in Chinese extravagance items, gathered in Manila and sold in Acapulco in exchange for silver, was the economic foundation of the settlement until the 19th century, when the independence of Spains New field colonies forced a shift to the cash-crop economy that persists to this day. In the eighties a nationalistic movement developed, strongly influenced by the writings of Jose Rizal (1861-96). He spurred Filipino demands for reform.Rizals execution make him a martyr and the countrys national maven and sparked an unsuccessful novelty led by Emilio AGUINALDO. On June 12, 1898, after the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Aguinaldo declared the Philippines independent in the mistaken impression that the United States support his struggle. I nstead, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. In 1899 until his capture in 1901 Aguinaldo led a war against his countrys new colonial rulers.Although U. S. tune interests applauded the seizure of the Philippines, the U. S.government declared that it would correct the islands for independence. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing earth under chairwoman Manuel Luis Quezon, but piece War II delayed full independence. Japan attacked the Philippines on Dec. 8, 1941, defeating U. S. and Filipino forces at Bataan and Corregidor in 1942. The struggle against Japan, culminating in Gen. Douglas MacArthurs impart in 1944, came to map U. S. -Philippine solidarity. On July 4, 1946, the Philippines gained full independence with Manuel Roxas y Acuna as president.After World War II, the economic and social infrastructure of the Philippines was a shambles. Inadequate land distribution and unequal taxation fed the Hukbalahap (Huk) guerilla revolt against the government, w hich was defused in the early 1950s by a resettlement and amnesty program devised during the presidency of Elpidio Quirino by Ramon Magsaysay, who became president in 1953. Ferdinand Marcos became the first president to win (1969) a second term after defeating President Diosdado Macapagal in 1965. In 1972, facing a Muslim revolt in the south, a leftist rural insurgency, and student unrest, Marcos declared martial law.He restored law and order, promoted social and economic reforms (often at the expense of his political foes), and created a political machine that remained dominant after martial law was lifted in 1981. Critics charged that he also enriched himself and his friends at the expense of the country. On Aug. 21, 1983, Marcos chief political rival Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. , was assassinated as he returned to the Philippines from exile. Marcos loyalists were accused of complicity in the killing, which touched off waves of popular protest.The opposition gained in the 1984 legislat ive elections and a left-wing insurgency grew steadily, fueled by government repression and a declining economy. To reclaim his mandate, Marcos called early presidential elections, which were held on Feb. 7, 1986. Opposition leader Corazon Aquino and her running mate Salvador Laurel were backed by much of the business community and the influential Roman Catholic Church. When the National Assembly declared Marcos the victor amid widespread charges of electoral fraud, Aquino launched a campaign of nonviolent resistance to secure the post many believed she had won.On February 22, when defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile and army deputy chief of staff Lt. -Gen. Fidel Ramos resigned, huge crowds of ordinary Filipinos turned out to protect the dissident military leaders, and the United States increased its pressure on Marcos to step down. On February 25, after Marcos and Aquino held rival inaugurations, Marcos left for exile in the United States, which quickly recognized Aquino as preside nt. Aquino took steps to restructure the government and the military, restore civil liberties, promote free enterprise, and retrieve public monies illegally appropriated by Marcos and his cronies.She freed political prisoners, announced her desire to negotiate with leftist leaders, and agreed to honor the treaty allowing the United States to operate military facilities at Clark Air Base and Subic Bay Naval Base. Despite popular support, however, Aquino faced formidable problems. These included the Communist insurgency, the weak economy, widespread social injustice, continued opposition from Marcos backers, and squabbles within her own diverse coalition. Unable to reach a negotiated settlement with Communist insurgents, she was also criticized for failing to halt corruption.Marcos died in 1989, but many former allies, including former defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile challenged her and Vice President Salvador Laurel, who resigned as foreign minister in 1987 and was named head of th e opposition Nacionalista party in 1989. In December 1989, after the most serious of several coup attempts by dissident soldiers was quelled with U. S. military aid, a six-month limited state of emergency was declared. Aquino survived a 7th coup attempt in October 1990.In 1991 the eruption of Mount Pinatubo forced the United States to abandon Clark Air Base, and the Philippine Senate rejected a new 10-year lease for the countrys remaining U. S. military facility, Subic Naval Base, weakening the historic ties between the two countries. Defense minister Fidel Ramos, a long-time Aquino supporter who helped her survive seven coup attempts by dissident soldiers, won a seven-way presidential contest in May 1992 with only 23. 5% of the vote. He assumed the presidency on June 30.The last of the U. S.military and naval units were withdrawn from the Philippines in November, ending a presence that had existed since 1898. Mount Mayon, a volcano situated 330 km (205 mi) south of Manila, erupted in February 1993. He fought for the Philippines 2000 Tiger Economy. His term brought about a progress to the Philippines. The Asia Pacific Economic Congress (APEC) was held in the Philippines during his term. Replacing him was the present President Joseph Ejercito Estrada. Winning the May 11, 1998 election, many controversies arises and Filipinos looking forward to a better future having him as the new president.