For Academic Purpose - Ceo Speech to Prospective Investors Essay Example for Free

For Academic Purpose Ceo Speech to Prospective Investors female genitalsvassIt is my utmost pleasure to be able to welcome you here today in Tek Comfort zona (ITZ) General Investors and Prospective Investors Quarterly meeting. Tek Comfort Zone is the Caribbean premier producer of ostentatious State of the Art Furniture with electronic built-in and plug-ins accessories that provides superior comfort and persona solutions through custom design, manufacturing, installation and support. Our speedy growing clients include Five Stars Hotels, business tycoons, celebrities and a host of others in the SHOW BIZZ.TCZ does not only strive to maintain its wind position as Caribbean N 1 State of the Art Furniture Producer, but also to expand in novelty and quality that steers a higher level of node satisfaction alongside profit maximization. This whole process has involved an integration of mission, objectives, implementation and evaluation a proper time, cost, quality and human resour ces management and a critical maintenance of all forms of motivations. The troupe is made up of 45 staff members. Briefly, it is headed by a CEO, with two Directors (Director of turnout and Director of Budget) answerable to him.They reign the two sectors of the company (Production and Budget). The Budget sector has two managers (Purchase Manager and Sales Manager) answerable to the Director of Budget. Immediately under the Purchase Manager is the Accounting executive program, and right away under the Sales Manager is the Sales Supervisor. The Sales Supervisor oversees six employers while the Account Supervisor has five employees under his control. Meanwhile in the Production Sector only one manager (Manufacturing Manager) is answerable to the Director of Productions. Directly under the Manufacturing Manager are the Inventory Supervisor and Operations Supervisor.The Inventory Supervisor oversees 10 employees while the Operations Supervisor supervises 14 employees. This well struc tured organizational flow is mindful of effective communications, job duplications, conflict and other factors that can affect a team spirit and job dexterity. Dear couchors as a result of this strategy, TCZ has grown substantially faster than the global State Of The arts Furniture market. While the global market as a whole grew just 5%, ours increased by 13%. An important source of revenue, the deliverance of unrivalled bed, mattress and electronics charges, increased 18%, although the market saw a 1% decrease.Our pro-forma operating margin improved to 28. 3%, an increase of half a destiny point. We took additional market share away from our direct competitors in the State of Arts Furniture market, gaining one percentage point year-on-year, which takes us to a market share of approximately 21%. We thus sell approximately two and a half times more unrivaled electronic beds and, mattress than our nearest competitor, who had been the leading producer for 18 historic period, onw ards we ever dominated the market Our main competitor is the ABC State of Arts Furniture Ltd.They are the longest in the market and have dominated the premier role for 18 years. They are known for quantity and timely delivery. Unlike our competitors we added other important ingredients such as quality, novelty and frequent customer satisfaction research. This accounted for why we have emerged as the leading company in the market for the past five years. Our few years of existence in the market would have attracted fear and false judgements from prospective investors against our maturity, stability and long-term success and survival.Without any doubt I can watch you that we are on the right path. How? Before our company could even kick off, we had carefully erudite from the errors of others who have been in business many years before us. We carefully analysed their strengths and weaknesses. For example we learned never to preach what we cannot live by (meaning our quality must matc h our propaganda). This is the root of loss of public confidence. We also learned that a strategy should not be considered only because of its promises in the short-term goals, but also because of its sustainability and expansions in the long-term.Importantly, we quickly learned the art of satisfying the consumer with quality and quantity goods and services with a maximisation of profit. And finally we also learned to provide investors with a consistent report of accountability and transparency on all(prenominal) level of attainment of the business. This gives our investors a true sense of ownership in the business. Dear prospective investor, without your investment, ICZ would have just been another brilliant idea. Your choice to invest in into this company is what has made the idea a reality. We not encourage you to maintain your investments, but also to expand them.To our prospective investors, TCZ is the fertile ground for your investment. ginger nut this opportunity heartily. Your fears should not ponder about the success of the company. Rather the fear should be whether the investment recruiting conditions presently would be stricter since many investors show interest to our companys philosophy and operations. The investors screening process may become more critical as many investors would Finally to the entire TCZ, may we together extol our selfless and one-minded efforts that have brought us thus far.

Behavior Problem Essay Example for Free

Behavior Problem EssayThe management of disruptive fashion problems is a familiar concern for many schools. Students port problems are challenging at all levels in school in recent years, bearing difficulties in school have increased, teachers seem to be offhand to deal with these problem. According to C. E. C. P (1998) Difficult student mis fashions, reported by teacher include violation of classroom rules, being truant from school, blaming others for problems, irresponsible bearing, and dying of property. p. 21) Given the seriousness of these behaviors, teacher are spending disproportionately more time on behavior problems that take away from instructions, compromising learning for deuce the student with the behavior difficulties and rest of the classroom. in that locationfore, teachers need to formulate a plan to help students with their behavioral problems so that the learning and teaching process happens actively and smoothly. 2. 0 Behavior Problems 2. 1 definition of behavior, problem, and behavior problem. BehaviorBehavior defines as the manner in which one behaves / The actions or reactions of a person or beast in response to external or internal stimuli. One of these actions or reactions a hormone . . . known to directly control sex-specific reproductive and parenting behaviors in a wide variety of vertebrates (Thomas Maugh II). (Cited from American Heritage Dictionary) Problem Problem defines as any head teacher or matter involving doubt, un surety, or difficulty/ a question proposed for solution or discussion / difficult to train or guide. cited from dictionary. com) Behavior Problem So basically behavior problems have both of the elements of behavior and problem. Which defines as a n action or reaction of a person to external or internal stimuli which involves qoubt, uncertainty or difficulty. 2. 2 Types of behavioral problems. There are 11 most common types of behavioral problem that a teacher might encounter in schools. (KidsBehavi or (UK). mht). They are a)Aggressive Outburst b)Biting peers or objects c)Pulling peers sensory hair d)Banging their head )Hitting their peers f)Pinching their peers g)Always being absent to class h)Using violence in classroom i)Lying/ blaming others j)Usage of vulgar/abusive words k)Stealing Not only behavior problems distract the concern in a classroom yet also behavior disorder. Behavior disorder is a much more severe problem than behavior problems. This is because behavior disorders are hardwired in the students system. There are many types of behavior disorders and among them are a) autism, b) post-traumatic stress disorder and many more.Unfortunately, a teacher would not be commensurate to help these types of youngsterren because this type of kidskinren needs special attention. Therefore, if a teacher recognizes any kind of behavioral disorder in a child, the teacher should inform to his/her parents as soon as manageable. As concerning with behavioral problems, there ar e number of methods/strategies techniques available to cure them. Teachers should know these methods/strategies/techniques in order to help the students to mend their behavior problem and to help the school from facing displin problems.The term for this methods/strategies/techniques is Behavior Modification 3. 0 Overcoming Behavior Problems with Behavior Management and Behavior Modification 3. 1 Definition of Behavior Management and Behavior Modification. Behavior management skills are particularly of importance to teachers in the educational system. Behavior management is all of the actions and conscious inactions to arouse the probability people, individually and in groups, choose behaviors, which are personally fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable.Behavior pass is the use of empirically demonstrated behavior change techniques to purify behavior, such as altering an individuals behaviors and reactions to stimuli through arrogant and negative reinforcement of adaptiv e behavior and/or the reduction of maladaptive behavior through positive and negative punishment. 3. 2 Behavior Management 1) Behavior management is applied at the group level by a classroom teacher as a form of behavioral engineering to produce high rates of student work completion and minimize classroom disruption. ) Contemporary behavior modification approaches involve students more actively in planning and shaping their own behavior through participation in the negotiation of contracts with their teachers and through exposure to knowledge designed to help them to monitor and evaluate their behavior more actively, to learn techniques of self-control and problem solving, and to set goals and reinforce themselves for meeting these goals. (Brophy (1986)) )The most common practices of this behavior management rely on the use of applied behavior analysis principles such as positive reinforcement and mild punishments 4) This principle follows the Operant instruct system by B. F. Sk inner, which is to describe the effects of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior. There are four types of Operant teach Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction. Both Positive and Negative Reinforcement strengthen behavior while both Punishment and Extinction weakens behavior. ) Examples of situation whereby the teacher uses the two main types of operant conditioning. 3. 2. 1 Positive Reinforcement Definition Is an attempt to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future, an operant response is followed by the presentation of an appetitive stimulus. Example of situation in a classroom on how to use positive reinforcement. A teacher who uses positive reinforcement get out constantly and consistently praised the students, ignored small infractions and was encouraging no matter what dissolve the students get.Once one student was totally off track with his answer and the teachers response was no, but you are thinking and that is what I enjoy seeing you think, listen to others and try again. Every minute or two the teacher was proverb something positive. 3. 2. 2 Negative Reinforcement Definition Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced by removal of a stimulus. The word negative does not mean unpleasant. It means a stimulus is removed or subtracted from the situation as a form of reinforcement Example of situation in a classroom on how to use negative reinforcement.Suppose your teacher said you could skip the concluding exam by studying an extra chapter and taking a quiz on it. You might study an extra chapter (your studying behavior would be made more frequent) because of the promise of an unpleasant stimulus, being removed (no final exam) Another example If a student is trying to be the centre of the limelight by disrupting the classroom the teacher can use the avoidance dodge or punishment strategy as a negative reinforcement to the student. 3. 3 Behavior Modification The principles of using behavior modification are ) To make grow a new behavior b) To strengthen a new behavior , c) To maintain an established behavior, d) To stop distant behavior, and finally e) To modify emotional behavior. (Adapted from Krumboltz, J. , Krumboltz, H. (1972). changing childrens behavior. New York Prentice-Hall. ) There are 3 main principles to develop a new behavior which are i. Successive Approximation rule ( To teach a child to act in a manner in which he has seldom or never before behaved, reward successive steps to the inal behavior. ) ii. dogging Reinforcement Principle (To develop a new behavior that the child has not previously exhibited, come for an immediate reward after each slouch performed it incorrectly. iii. Discrimination Principle (To teach a child to act in a particular way under one set of circumstances but not in another, help him to identify the cues that differentiate the circumstances and reward him only w hen his action is appropriate to the cue. ) B To strengthen a new behaviorThere are 2 main principle in strengthening a new behavior. i. Decreasing Reinforcement Principle (To encourage a child to continue performing an established behavior with few or no rewards, gradually require a longer time period or more correct responses before a correct behavior is rewarded. ) ii. Variable Reinforcement Principle (To improve or increase a childs performance of a certain activity, provide the child with an intermittent reward. ) C To maintain an established behavior There is 1main principle in estbablishing a new behavior . Substitution Principle (To change reinforcers when a previously effective reward is no longer controlling behavior, present it just before (or as soon as possible to) the time you present the new, hopefully more effective reward. ) D To stop inappropriate behavior There is 3 main principle to stop inappropriate behavior i. Satiation Principle (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may allow him to continue (or insist that he continue) performing the undesired act until he tires of it. ) ii.Extinction Principle (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may arrange conditions so that he receives no rewards following the undesired act. ) iii. Punishment Principle (To stop a child from acting in a certain way, revert an aversive stimuli immediately after the action occurs. Since punishment results in increased hostility and aggression, it should only be used infrequently and in conjunction with reinforcement. ) E To modify emotional behavior There is 2 main principle to modify emotional behavior ) Avoidance Principle ( To teach a child to avoid a certain type of situation, simultaneously present to the child the situation to be avoided (or some representation of it) and some aversive conditon (or its representation) ii) Fear diminution Principle (To help a child overcome his fear of a particular situation, gradually increas e his exposure to the feared situation while he is other comfortable, relaxed, secure or rewarded. ) CONCLUSION The effective use of behavioral and cognitive strategies in the classroom may appear daunting even to experienced teachers.However, changing your behavior and strategies is often the most efficient and effective means of improving all types of classroom behaviors Through practice comes proficiency. The building block of emotions and behavior likely contains the largest and most diverse set of problems encountered in the classroom. By first understanding these problems and seeing the world through the eyes of your students, and, then developing and using a set of i strategies on a regular basis, problems of emotions and behavior can be effectively managed and changed in the classroom and also behavior problems can be mended.

The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci | Painting Meaning

The extreme Supper by da Vinci Da Vinci Painting MeaningBy the end of the fourteenth carbon, the shocking Death killed off a third of the European population. After the event, hatful were all set for a transformation. Gradually, new ideas and viewpoint started to spread from Florence Italy. All with with(predicate) the Renaissance, there was an upsurge of new ideas, attitudes, and art work of the new era. These new ideas stimulated new look on these artwork, literature, and judgment. Leonardo Da Vinci was a come across figure in these new ideas and moving pictures during the Renaissance Period.The Renaissance is described as The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe. This movement lasted approximately from the 14th to 17th centuries. Commencing in Italy, this strong art movement rapidly expanded all through Western Europe. Historians consider that the humani st approach paused at a point half bearing flanked by chivalrous supernaturalism and the modern scientific and critical manner. Medievalists observe humanism as the terminal product of the Middle Ages. Humanism is regarded as a philosophy, non a religion. Humanism started as the traditionalist drifted clear of medieval Christianity and resulted in bold independence of the medieval tradition. Humanism was based on the idea that life on Earth had a point of its own a person did not have to reside unhappily on the way to heaven. Humanists consider that life was filled with beauty, waiting to be discovered.In this paper I will be analyzing The last Supper, by Leonardo Da Vinci. It is a fresco, signifying that it is directly paint on a wall. The Last Supper is fascinating in some(prenominal) ways. In its massive simplicity, the arrangement of the setting is masterful the strength of its appearance hails from the eye-catching distinction in the attitudes of the twelve apostles as ju xtaposed to Christ. Leonardo did not select the depiction of the traitor Judas long-established in the iconographic tradition he depicted, rather, that instant of maximum nervousness as associated with the New Testament, One of you which eateth with me will betray me. separately and every unity of the disciples-as human beings who do not comprehend what is close to take place-are disturbed, whereas Christ alone, mindful of his divine assignment, sits in lonesome, transfigured tranquility. Only one other person shares the undisclosed information Judas, who is both part of and yet barred from the movement of his companions in this seclusion he becomes the second lonely character- the guilty one-of the group.The Last Supper by Leonardo Da VinciAll through history, numerous works of art are both produced and damaged, and it is only the real works of art that people commit to memory and hold on to for years following their creation. Leonardo Da Vincis The Last Supper is one of these pieces. It is more than five hundred years old, simply ease one of the nearly renowned and familiar paintings in the present day (Lewis and Susan, 1995).Nearly everyone is familiar with the Last Supper. As stated by the bible, portentous events occurred during the Last Supper, including a declaration by rescuer that one of his disciples would deceive him and the first communion. In addition, the Last Supper was a profound Biblical event, in which saviour shared a final banquet with his disciples. Even though this subject matter occurs in several works of art for instance, works by Tintoretto (Kren and Daniel, 2008), The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci is the most celebrated and has been the focus of many discussions.I chose Da Vincis The Last Supper is since its a work of art that I am familiar with. Ive spotted it before, and its very good known. You rat ask any person about it, and virtually everyone has heard of it and is familiar with its description. Its very famed, a nd is an extremely well known piece of art. In actual fact, it is regarded as one of the most famous portrait and spiritual paintings of all season, together with The Mona Lisa and Michelangelos Creation of Adam (Kren and Daniel, 2008). In addition, it is a painting that is frequently seen in pop culture, for example in Mel Brooks History of the World, Part 1. In spite of seeing the painting repeatedly and in many different ways, I still wasnt familiar with the history behind the painting. I didnt know precisely at what time it was painted, where it was painted, what type of painting it is, and why Da Vinci decided to paint it. I thought it would be nice to write about this piece with the aim of learning more about it while writing my paper.As already acknowledged, The Last Supper was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci, an Italian artist from the town of Vinci. He is one of the most extraordinary painters, architects, and gifted philosophers of all time. Da Vinci was born on April 15, 1 452, in the neighborhood of Vinci exactly spent a large part of his life in Florence where he started painting and after a particular period- painting. When he was fourteen, Leonardo began working as a studio boy to Andrea del Verrocchio, who at the time was one of the most acclaimed painters (Kenneth, 1939). He grew to be a self-dependent master in 1478, at which time he started being commissioned for a variety of works of art. Da Vinci commenced painting The Last Supper in 1495 for his patron Duke Ludovico Sforza (the Duke of Milan), whom he started to work for in 1482. Leonardos Last Supper is a priceless piece of art with a great appropriate of concealed meaning and noticeable talentsconferred upon a wall. He was capable of using hisskills in producing a very comprehensive and naturalistic piece of work that would be kept in mind forhundreds of years. He was as well as capable of creating persons with remarkable uniqueness. Not only was hisdepiction of the characters superb, but the symbolic representationism he employed which lay violence on the story being toldin the Last Supper. The Last Supper was painted in the refectory of the Dominican Church of S. Maria delle Grazie in Milan, and was destined to be a symbol of religious devotion (Chubb, 1968). Some people maintain that that the painting took more than ten years to finalize, whereas many others say it was completed in two years. Its assertive to note that if finished in two years, it was quite an achievement for Da Vinci, who had a habit of procrastinating his work, and left several of his works incomplete.Leonardos Last Supper was in the bygone thought to be a fresco. Nevertheless, it is not a true fresco since it was painted on a dry plaster rather than a pissed off one. He wanted to make the painting as detailed comprehensive as possible, as he wanted to portray human appearance and flavour on the characters faces. Da Vinci was trying out new techniques of painting and, regrettably, his n ew technique was not of high-quality for protecting art over lengthy episodes. The masterpiece is painted on a layer of dry plaster. He chose this medium due to the need for more time to paint precise expressions, which was unworkable on slicked plaster as he would get a very short duration (Kenneth, 1939). The Last Supper, painted on dry plaster is in mankind Leonardo Da Vincis trial method of painting. Nevertheless, this technique is regarded a failure, as it has not endured the test of time. Prior to starting the painting, Leonardo covered the wall with a coating of resin, which is a mixture of pitch and mastic. In addition, he utilized chalk in the process of coating. To cordon the painting he used tempra which permitted him to show the particulars of human emotion. Unfortunately, the substance proved unsuccessful, and by 1517 the piece began to deteriorate (Edward, 1928). By 1556, the painting was by now regarded as ruined and unrecognizable- a painter Giovanni Batista Armen ini utter that the painting was so badly affected that not anything is noticeable but a mass of blots (Lewis and Susan, 1995). The painting has kept on decaying in the subsequent centuries. In fact, it was so unrecognizable due to additional damage made by careless artists who were trying to restore the painting and by the addition of an entrance way put in the lower part of the painting. It took many years of wide-ranging refurbishment so as to have the piece look as it was initially painted. The very last and the most successful restoration of the Last Supper painting occurred from 1978 to 1999 (Kren and Daniel, 2008). The dining room of the convent was cordoned off and the temperature settings inside the room were kept under fit for the aim of restoration work. The life of the Last Supper painting has been significantly extended owing to the latest restorations. As previously mentioned, The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci is the primary great figure work of art of the High Ren aissance and the ultimate understanding of its theme. The painting depicts Jesus and his twelve disciples at the last supper, sound at the instant where Jesus informs them One of you shall betray me. They are seated at a long table that is parallel to the picture plane. The room is gift and tranquil, and Christ has his arms held out in willing trust. The twelve apostles are all clustered into sets of three and all display expressions of shock upon hearing Jesus declaration except Judas, the one responsible for betraying Jesus. He is inclined back into the shadows, and is shown to be holding a bag of money to his chest (Chubb, 1968). Prior to Da Vincis era, it was customary for portrayal of the last supper to include Judas detached from the rest of the group. Da Vinci positions him in the painting pay in the heart of things, yet he still manages to disconnect him from the rest of the disciples. The painting exactly conveys the story of the last supper in one setting.Presently, Leo nardos Last Supper is still a significant work of art, as it was significant when it was first painted. Much exchangeable the way Judas was painted in with the rest of the disciples was an innovative thought the look on the disciple faces was as well new. some(prenominal) paintings of Jesus and his disciples at the last supper have been created, but by no means has one appeared quite as real. The looks on the disciples faces make them appear like real people acting in response to something they have listened to. The group is in deep and dramatic excitement, with their hands out in astonishment and forefront at Jesus words. They come out lifelike in the piece, similar to people who have in reality heard shocking news. The observer can just sense the anxious excitement sweeping through the group of disciples. The disciples are assembled into groups of three and attached all the groups together through their hand movements broad this piece a symmetrically aesthetic sensation. Furth ermore, Da Vincis painting is a masterpiece due to his exceptional application of point perspective (Kenneth, 1939). The way it is painted on the wall makes it seem to be a continuation of the room. Jesus, the most important person in the painting, has been positioned in front of three windows that are in the rear of the room, and he is framed by the center window with an arched pediment. His head functions as the central and vanishing point of this piece, plus all lines lead right to him. The viewers eyes and attention is immediately attracted right to Jesus. It is apparent that Jesus functions as the vital magnet. The use of proper perspective was quite a invigorated idea when it came to painting, and Da Vinci utilized it superbly. A few individuals even argue that it is one of the greatest applications of one point perspective ever produced. Despite being such an extraordinary painting, The Last Supper is still very much talked about and viewed in the present day.Leonardos Last Supper has many theories behind it, such as the stories that the comparable model was utilized for painting Jesus and then years later used for Judas. Or that the apostle sitting to the left of Jesus is not really John, but rather a woman, Mary Magdalene (Edward, 1928). There are even some individuals who consider the dishes, food, and hands positioned on the table construct notes on a symphony staff, and that there is a song concealed in the painting. Also, the analysis of this painting by Dan Brown in The Da Vinci Code has generated a stir regarding the individuality of Leonardo Da Vinci and in addition about his works as an artist (Kren and Daniel, 2008).From 1513, Leonardo began living in Rome where he was acknowledged along with one of the renowned artists of the time- Michelangelo and Rafael. Even though his early work of brilliance was Madonna and Child, which led to his more famous work The Last Supper, Leonardo also drew up plans for court festival arenas for the Duke (C hubb, 1968). In addition, he was very engrossed in his own research drafts which are, as we are familiar with presently, in various disciplines of biology as well as science and engineering. These rough drafts contain drawings on how the heart would impel the blood to the muscles. He also created horrendous drawings of how humans could fly. By examining birds, he created the glider, parachute, and a machine that would later on permit humans to fly- the helicopter. Nevertheless, this part of his intelligence wasnt truly valued at his time since these inventions were too bold and impractical for his coevals (Edward, 1928).On the whole, Leonardo Da Vincis The Last Supper is a remarkable work of art, and has been for generations. Da Vinci sketched the first relaxed portraits with misty landscapes in the background. He utilized warm and passionate colors to produce the misty appearance on the landscapes. He had a unique way of painting with assortment colors and didnt put eyebrows on h is paintings. Although it The Last Supper has disintegrated to the point of being unrecognizable, many people have worked very hard to make sure that it will hang on put for upcoming generations to see. Da Vinci was a very accomplished artist, and it is illustrated through his works like The Last Supper. Even to this day, his painting The Last Supper is known far-off and wide and visited by many tourists each year. The memory of the Last Supper could be due to the holiness of the parting meal.Visual ImageTitle of artwork- The Last SupperArtist- Leonardo Da VinciMedia-Tempera and mixed media on plaster

Alternative Sources Of Energy

Alternative Sources Of EnergyBio-fuels atomic number 18 formed from biomass, norm onlyy plants seeds, and liquid bio fuels can be use for transportation. We argon one of the worlds leading distributors of bio fuels and we ar underdeveloped enhanced bio fuels that could see CO2 reductions and a sustainable alternative fuel source.The two of import forms of bio fuel today are ethanol and FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters), which have largely relied on food crops much(prenominal) as w mania or booty cane as their source. We are working to find a source material that does not compete with food crops, to develop a conversion work on that will produce low CO2, and to produce efficient fuels. Our bio fuels research includes finding alternative feedstocks. We are looking into finding tough new enzymes to break d take in(p) the cellphoneulose in plants such(prenominal) as straw. Algae have potential as a sustainable source of vegetable oil that could be apply for the merchandise of bi o fuel for diesel engines. It is early days but algae hold promise, as they grow rapidly and can be cultivated in ponds of sea irrigate and minimise the use of fertile land and fresh water supply.Alternative EnergyThe world has plenty of potential renewable pushing sources, but each has its own technical challenges. Scientists are working to develop alternative postal code sources that are sustainable, clean and convenient.Fossil fuels are expected to remain the worlds main source of energy for decades to come but sustainable, clean and convenient energy sources will also be needed in the mix.Todays most widespread biofuel, ethanol, is commonly made from cockeyed or sugary plants.Hydrogen is seen by many as the fuel of the future, but it still has a long way to go. It is an energy carrier, in the analogous way as electricity, and so must be produced from another substance. Most commonly, hydrogen is produced using steam that reacts with methane and converts it into hydrogen and carbon. It can also be produced from water through electrolysis. The hydrogen can then be stored and converted to energy via hydrogen fuel cells, now available for cars. In hydrogen fuel cell vehicles a chemical reaction inside the fuel cell usually between hydrogen and oxygen creates electricity for the motor and the only resulting exhaust squall emission is water vapour.We are learning as much as possible more or less hydrogen refuelling and how to meet future customer needs. We are compound in research and demonstration projects and have already opened a cluster of commercial hydrogen filling stations.biomassBiomass is any plant derived organic numerate available on a renewable basis,including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops,agricultural crop licentiousnesss and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plantsetc. The energy in biomass can be harnessed in waste-to-energy plants orcogeneration plants.Waste-to-Energy fructifysAll inci nerable waste not recovered, reused or recycled is sent for incineration atthe waste-to-energy plants operated by the National milieu Agency. Thecombustion of municipal waste including renewables in the waste produce heat,which is recovered to generate electricity. The electricity generated is fed into theelectricity grid. The biomass in capital of Singapores municipal waste are mainly woodwaste, horticultural waste, food waste and waste paper.Waste-To-Energy Plants Turbine Capacity (MW)Ulu Pandan Incineration Plant 16Tuas Incineration Plant 46Senoko Incineration Plant 56Tuas South Incineration Plant 80Biomass Cogeneration PlantsCogeneration is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat, both of whichare used. Through the utilisation of the heat, the efficiency of cogeneration plantcan reach 80% or to a greater extent. Cogeneration so offers energy savings rangingbetween 15-40% when compared to the supply of electricity and heat fromconventional world-beater stations and boilers. Cogeneration plants that use biomassfuel are carbon-neutral compared to those using fossil fuels. both companies, M/s ECO-IEE Pte Ltd and M/s Bee Joo Industries Pte Ltd havebiomass cogeneration plants. The ECO cogeneration plant has a turbine capacityof 0.53 MW and uses wood waste as fuel. The Bee Joo cogeneration plant hasturbine capacity of 1.0 MW and uses wood waste and horticulture waste as fuel.Alkaline fuel cells (AFC)Alkaline fuel cells use compressed hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity.They normally operate at 70-90C, with 300-5000 W of business office at about 25-30%system efficiency.The Apollo astronauts used alkaline fuel cells to provide both electricity anddrinking water. However, pure hydrogen fuel was used. much knowledge on AFCs whitethorn be found here.TOPPhosphoric virulent fuel cells (PAFC)Phosphoric acid fuel cells use phosphoric acid as the electrolyte to produceelectricity. Types of fuel that PAFCs can use include anaerobic digester gas,nat ural gas, gasoline, etc. They operate at 190-215C, generating up to 200 kWof spring at about 35-40% efficiency.The internal parts of the fuel cell must be able to withstand the corrosive acid.More information on PAFCs may be found here.TOPProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (also known as polymer electrolyte fuelcells) use a polymer-based electrolyte, typically in a thin, permeable sheet. Thismembrane must not leak or crack, while a platinum catalyst must also be coatedon both sides of the membrane.The operating temperature is about 70-90C, with outputs of between 1W and 20http//www.nccc.gov.sg/renewables/fct.shtm (1 of 2) 17/7/2010 20703 AMFuel Cell TechnologieskW of power. System efficiency is about 30-35%. The low temperature makesPEMFCs suitable for use in homes and cars. The fuel (typically hydrogen) mustalso be highly purified. Natural gas can also be meliorate to produce hydrogen forfuel cells.More information on PEMFCs may be foun d here.TOPMolten change fuel cells (MCFC)Molten carbonate fuel cells use high-temperature carbonates (of sodium ormagnesium) as the electrolyte for generating electricity. Hence, the normaloperating temperature is rough 600-650C, producing 250 kW 2 MW of powerat about 45-50% efficiency.Waste heat produced by the reaction can be utilized to maximize systemefficiency. This also means that MCFCs would be too hot for home applications.More information on MCFCs may be found here.TOPSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)Solid oxide fuel cells use a hard, ceramic compound of metallic oxides (of atomic number 20or zirconium) as the electrolyte. They normally operate at about 700-1,000C,producing up to 100 kW of power. System efficiency is around 50-55%. At suchtemperatures, reformers are not necessary for producing hydrogen from fuels, egnatural gas.Waste heat from SOFCs can also be recovered for use in other applications, egmaking more electricity. However, SOFCs are large in size, hence limiti ng itsapplications.More information on SOFCs may be found here.IntroductionThe heave moves a considerable amount of water twice each day, and harnessing it could provide a great deal of energy around 20% of Britains needs.Although the energy supply is reliable and plentiful, converting it into effectual electrical power is not easy.There are eight main sites around Britain where tidal power stations could usefully be built, including the Severn, Dee, Solway and Humber estuaries. Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.A few age ago, tidal powermeant tidal barrage. except these days there are other options as well.How it works tidal BarragesThese work rather handle a hydro-electricscheme, except that the dam is muchbigger.A great dam (called a barrage) is built across a river estuary. When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through tunnels in the dam.The abate and flow of the tides can be used to turn a turbine, or it can be used to push air through a pipe, which then turns a turbine. Large lock gates, like the ones used on canals, allow ships to pass.If one was built across the Severn Estuary, the tides at Weston-super-Mare would not go out nearly as far thered be water to play in for most of the time.But the Severn Estuary carries sewage and other wastes from many places (e.g. Bristol Gloucester) out to sea. A tidal barrage would mean that this stuff would hang around Weston-super-Mare an awful lot longerAlso, if youre one of the 80,000+ birds that feeds on the exposed mud flats when the tide goes out, then you have a problem, because the tide wont be button out properly any more.AdvantagesOnce youve built it, tidal power is free.It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste.It needs no fuel.It produces electricity reliably. non expensive to maintain.Tides are totally predictable.Offshore turbines and vertical-axis turbines are not ruinously expensive to build and do not have a large environmen tal impact.DisadvantagesA barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build, and affects a very wide area the environment is changed for many miles upstream and downstream. Many birds rely on the tide uncovering the mud flats so that they can feed. Fish cant migrate, unless fish ladders are installed.Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out.There are few suitable sites for tidal barragesIs it renewable?tidal energy is renewable. The tides will continue to ebb and flow, and the energy is there for the taking. push aside tidal energy work in Singapore?Windmill under the seaThe raw Paper 11 Nov 08This week, Singapore hosted the International Energy Week where policy makers from all over the world met academics and industry players to talk about energy options and strategies for the future.CHNG CHOON HIONG looks at tidal energy as it is used in the UK while TEH JEN LEE asks whether it could work here.PICTURE a 37m-tall, 1,000-tonn e windmill that is submerged under the sea and you get a good imagination of what the SeaGen Tidal Energy generator is.11 November 2008PICTURE a 37m-tall, 1,000-tonne windmill that is submerged under the sea and you get a good idea of what the SeaGen Tidal Energy generator is.Situated in Strangford Narrows, off the coast of Northen Ireland, the SeaGen is the worlds first commercial-scale tidal energy turbine, harnessing the virtually inexhaustible energy carried by tidal currents.Tidal currents are caused by the gravitational interaction between the earth and the lunar month arising from their relative motion.As such, the tidal cycle is perfectly predictable, an advantage over power generated by wind and sunlight.There are, however, some drawbacks in harnessing tidal power.It has some prerequisites which limit its use to just a few regions in the world.There are also worries such as the possible disruption of marine life and the ecosystem. However, the concerns about damaging the ecosystem are yet to be firmly established.Costing more than 8.5 million ($20 million) in development, the SeaGen is commissioned for operation till 2013. During this time, it will generate 1,200kW of clean renewable power, enough to provide for the electrical needs of 1,000 UK households.Can this work in Singapore?USING current technology, Singapore cannot harness tidal energy because our mean tidal range of about 1.7m is too low.The New Paper 11 Nov 08USING current technology, Singapore cannot harness tidal energy because our mean tidal range of about 1.7m is too low.Mean tidal range is the difference in height between mean low water and mean high water levels during spring tides, which occur during new moon and full moon, when there is greatest variation in tides.The tidal range is low all around South-east Asia because of the configuration of the land fairly genuine coastlines which are surrounded by seas.In contrast, there are beaches in some countries elsewhere with a tidal range of more than 10m.For example, in the embayment of Fundy on the Atlantic coast of North America, home to the worlds highest tides, the tidal range has been measured in excess of 15m.These high tides produce swift-flowing currents when the tide is coming in and going out.In Singapore, because of the low tidal range, the tidal currents are not strong enough to generate electricity. It would be like trying to get power from water flowing through a monsoon drain.Professor Teh Tiong Sa, visiting senior fellow at the Tropical Marine Science Institute, said To have possible energy from tides, the higher the tidal range the better.For Singapore, its too low to even think about it now, unless technology changes and things become more efficient.Singapore, August 12 someplace off the coast of Invergordon in Scotland on Thursday, the worlds largest tidal turbine will be unveiled, marking a turning point in the global renewable tidal energy industry.This turbine, which can generate cons istent electricity to power 1,000 British homes, may be located thousands of miles from Singapore but it represents a key aftermath for the city-states suppuration clean technology or cleantech industry.This is because the AK1000 turbine, as it is called, was tested in Singapore wet and designed on Singapores shores during key periods of its 10-year research history.Chief executive director Timothy Cornelius of Atlantis Resources Corporation the firm behind the turbine said the unveiling and installation of the one megawatt turbine was the culmination of 10 geezerhood of hard work and belief from all partners and staff.It is an important milestone not only for Atlantis, which has invested S$100 million of private investors funds into developing the turbine to date, but for the global marine power industry, he said. This is when ocean power generation goes from being in the research space to the commercial space.The company, which originated in Australia before moving its head quarters to Singapore five years ago, is now looking at possible locations to build a manufacturing plant that will mass produce its turbines for commercial application.Dwindling fossil fuel resources and growing concern on its negative impact on global climate change has resulted in a global race for clean energy in recent years. Tidal energy has potential to be a key energy source for a world grappling with rapid urbanisation.Apart from Scotland, countries such as Japan and India have vast untapped tidal energy resources that could be converted into renewable energy, thus reducing the countrys reliance on fossil fuels, said Mr Cornelius. If all goes well, the firm will begin looking to list on an Asian bourse possibly in Singapore next year, he added.He credited the companys success to its move to Singapore, where the firm had access to a highly-skilled labour workforce and research collaborations with institutions such as Nanyang Technological University. It now has a local ane sthetic staff of 15. Singapore has strong intellectual property laws too, which was a key pull factor for us, he said.The turbine was also tested in the southern waters of Singapore near the Raffles lighthouse in 2008 to collect key data. Its waters are however too busy due to shipping routes for tidal energy to be tapped, added Mr Cornelius.When installed, the AK1000 turbine weighing 150 tonnes and at a height of 22.5 metres, will sit at a dedicated berth at the European Marine Energy Centre, located in Scotlands Orkney. It costs about US$3 million for one turbine and the payback period is five to 10 years depending on the flow rate of the waves, he added.Cleantech director Goh Chee Kiong of the Economic Development Board said yesterday that Atlantiss presence in Singapore will growing the vibrancy of the fast-growing cleantech industry here.This project affirms Singapores attractiveness as a global home for cleantech businesses, said Mr Goh, who also highlighted that Atlantis ben efitted from Singapores strengths in existing industry clusters such as precision engineering, offshore and marine.Atlantis said it is now actively pursuing projects in the Asia Pacific region, especially to power hungry markets. We are confident of developing tidal power as a credible new renewable asset class in Asia, said Mr Cornelius.Source The Straits Times

Hiring employees

Hiring employeesfactors when deciding the most utile way to assess the suitability of wrinkle applicant for vacancy. traditional unstructured discourse most common scarce least effective, why still relied on by managers during woof process, and how to make woof process more effective? Explain best approach to qualification sound selection decisions and justifyHiring employees effectively is vital to the survival of any organisation. The hiring process consists of soliciting potential candidates during recruitment and then determining the best candidates to be employees during the selection process. The selection process, in particular, changes organisations to build and maintain a productive and motivated workforce that will be the key to their success. The objective of the selection process is to enable valid predictions of performance and effective employee decisions in potential employees. Mistakes in selection could experience terrible consequences on the organisation. F or example, if a company hires someone who does not have people skills and place him in customer services, it could result in loss of future sales. Therefore, it is in an organisations interest to make sound selection decisions and make the selection process as objective and scientific as possible.Any recruitment and selection process usually begins with the applicant indicating their formal interest in the vacancy. afterwards that, there are several selection systems employed by organisations. Methods include interviews, psychological tests and performance tests. These are designed to assess the candidates knowledge, skills, record and attitudes. Each of these methods has their strengths and weaknesses, and when evaluating individually method, one should consider its practicality, sensitivity, legality, reliability and validity.Interviews are the most widely used method in the selection process, but also one of the least effective. check to the a CIPD survey from 2009, competen cy-based interviews is the most used method (69%), while interviews following a biographical CV and structured interviews ranked second and third respectively. Anderson (1992) summarised that interviews bide popular because of their social functions of selling, persuading and negotiating, their acceptability to interviewers and candidates, and also due to time and toll constraints. Unstructured interviews have many weaknesses and limitations, including stereotyping, the similar-to-me effect, the personal liking effect, the primary effect, and the contrast effect. structure interviews in the form of situational interviews and behavioural interviews have proved to be more effective than unstructured ones. Behavioural interviews asking candidates how have performed in the past conduce good indications of how they will perform in the future. Situational interviews can find out more specifically how candidates would respond to a particular situation relevant to the job. These devil types of interviews also obtain more consistent information for comparison as the same questions are asked of all candidates. Consequently, the structured approach has been criticised by Anderson (1992) as creation inflexible and reduce the role of the interviewer to a mere administrator of questions, leading to potential resentment.Another selection method is psychological testing. These include cognitive tests of ability, numeracy and literacy, and personality measures. They are professionally developed and therefore checked for validity and reliability. This method is also scientific and objective, and increases the validity of selection decisions. Factors which cannot be measured through interview can also be tested in this way. This method is mostly used by larger organisations. However, racial and ethnic bias is a trouble for this type of tests. Personality tests that use frameworks such as Big Five can capture up to 75% of a candidates personality. Emotional stability is an particularly important trait to be tested.Performance tests require candidates to perform the job in a short period of time. These are done either by work samples or assessment centres. Work samples can give good indication with high validity of how well the candidate can perform at the job if they are designed well. However these are damagely to design and must be specific to each job, having to be modified as the job changes. Assessment centres are also expensive. They assess a number of candidates together using multiple methods.New advances in technology are rapidly ever-changing the selection process. The weighted application blank (WAB) captures data using a standardised application form and assigns weighted values to each question depending on the employee characteristic to be measured. The resulting score will then be used in making the selection decision. A study by Kaak et al. (1998) reported that the WAB is an effective selection tool that can distinguish good performe rs and can reduce turnover rate in the hospitality industry. It is an objective and scientific tool, and proves to be cost and time efficient once the scoring system has been established. In addition, many researchers have concluded that biodata is one of the best selection devices for predicting employee performance and turnover (Harold et al., 2006 Ployhart et al., 2006). Biodata is the manners historical events that may contribute to shaping of the candidates preferences, attitudes and personality traits.Work sample and ability tests have the highest validities of over 0.4 while biodata, assessment centres and structured interviews follow nigh behind. Other methods such as unstructured interviews and personality tests have lower levels of validity. Therefore, to make sound selection decisions, an organisation should use methods of high validity, taking into considering how cost efficient it is with the number of candidate expected.

Graph Theory: The Four Coloring Theorem Essay -- Graph Geography Essay

Graph Theory The Four Coloring Theorem Every planar map is four colorable, seems like a pretty basic and intimately provable statement. However, this simple concept took over one hundred years and involved more than a dozen mathematicians to finally see it. Throughout the one C that many men pondered this idea, many other problems, solutions, and mathematical concepts were created. I find the Four Coloring Theorem to be very interesting because of its apparent simplicity diametric with its long, laborious struggle to be proved. There is a very long and eventful history that accompanies this theorem. The concept of the Four Coloring Theorem was born in 1852 when Francis Guthrie find that he only needed four different colors to color in a map of England. Through his brother, Frederick, Francis communicated his discovery to De Morgan. Francis wondered if De Morgan would be able to recount him if it was true or not. De Morgan was unsure, so he asked the same question to Hamilton i n Dublin. Hamilton was unable to help, so De Morgan continued to ask other prominent mathematicians. In the US, Charles Peirce move to prove the Four Color Conjecture in the 1860s and continued to for the remainder of his life. In 1879, Cayley wrote a paper to the Royal Geographical Society explaining the difficulties in attempting to prove the Conjecture. On July 17, 1879, a mathematician by the name of Kempe announced a proof for the Four Color Conjecture. However, eleven years later Heawood, a lecturer at Durham England, pointed out that Kempes proof was incorrect. Along with proving Kempe wrong, Heawood was able to prove that every planar map is five colorable. In 1898, Heawood also proved that if the number of edges well-nigh a region is... ...actually quite fun as well. They dont really have a real importance in the real world. The Four Color Theorem isnt personnel casualty to save any lives or make life that much easier. However, it does make map coloring more simple by re quiring only four colors. Bibliography (1) Fritsh, Rudolf and Gerda, The Four-Color Theorem, Springer-Verlag, sensitive York, Inc., 1998. (2) Harary, Frank, Graph Theory, Adison-Wesley Publishing Co., Redding, MA, 1972, p.130-131. (3) Kainen, Paul, and Saaty, Thomas, The Four Color Problem, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Great Britain, 1977. (4) The Four Color Theorem, http//www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/The_four_colour_theorem.html, celestial latitude 10, 1999. (5) The Four Color Theorem, Neil Robertson, Daniel P. Sanders, Paul Seymour, and Robin Thomas, http//www.math.gatech.edu/thomas/FC/fourcolor.html, December 10, 1999.

Trees :: essays research papers

TreesTrees are woody plants with a distinct stem, or trunk. They are usually the tallest of plants, and their bloom and single main stem differentiate them from shrubs. Trees are perennials that live at least three years. Some tree species are extremely short scarce others may reach a height of more than 367 feet. The General Sherman Tree, a giant sequoia in Californias Sequoia National Park, has a height of 275 feet and a diameter of 37 feet. The largest trees are not always the oldest. The bristlecone pine, for example, gets to a height of only 30 feet but one specimen has been go out to be at least 4600 years old.There are two general types of trees, angiosperms and gymnosperms. Angiosperms are flowering plants that have a seed. They include maples and oaks, which are paramount species in Kentucky. Gymnosperms, on the other hand, do not bear flowers. Their seeds lie exposed in structures such as cones or fleshy cups called arils. This group includes conifers, gingkos, and cy cads.Trees grow throughout the world, from the icy regions near the Arctic to the steaming tropical regions near the equator. They may grow along steep cliffs, in swamps and deserts, and on mountaintops at counterbalance the highest of elevations. Although trees can grow alone, most grow in strands, which consists of one species or a mixture of species. A forest is a plant community that is make up of the trees, shrubs, and herbs that cover an area. Forests provide many social, economic, and environmental benefits. Forest provide wildlife habitat and recreational opportunities, prevent soil erosion and flooding, and help to provide reasonable air and water. Forests are also an important defense against global climate change. Through a process known as photosynthesis, plants exchange the oxygen that is needed for life with carbon dioxide, the chemical most responsible for global warming. By decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide forests may reduce the effects of global warming.In the United States, forests are threatened by extensive logging, called clear-cutting, which destroys much of the plant and animal habitats and leaves the landscape bare. Until the 1990s, the U.S. Forest Service was directed by Congress to increase the amount of timber harvested in order to provide jobs. In the late 80s and early 90s, environmentalists sued the government for violating the National Environmental policy Act. As a result, the amount of timber harvested was reduced and foresters were directed to follow a policy known as ecosystem management.